The Role Of Government Spending In Education Inequality: Evidence From Indonesia With A Panel Data Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54408/jabter.v1i6.126Keywords:
Education Inequality, Education Budget, Multiple Linear regressionAbstract
This study aims to determine the level of inequality in education as measured by the Gini Education Coefficient (KGP) in Indonesia, to compare the level of inequality between provinces and to analyze the factors that influence educational inequality between provinces in Indonesia. This research was conducted in a number of Indonesian provinces in 2017-2019 using a panel data anayisis methods. The results showed that education inequality in Indonesia in 2017-2019 was in the low inequality category. The number of Gini coefficients is getting smaller each year, which indicates a more even distribution of education in Indonesia. When viewed from the regional classification, Eastern Indonesia has a higher KGP score than the Western part of Indonesia. The education budget has a negative and significant effect on education inequality in Indonesia in 2017-209 while the number of teachers and school principals has a significant positive effect on education inequality in Indonesia in 2017-2019.
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Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data 3th Edition. Chichester:John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Bustomi, M.J. (2012). Ketimpangan Pendidikan Antar Kabupaten/Kota dan Implikasinya di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Economics Development Analysis Journal. journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj/article/viewFile/477/507
Digdowiseiso, K. (2010). Measuring Gini Coefficient of Education: the Indonesian Cases. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19865/1/Measuring_Gini_Coefficient_of_Education.pdf
Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometrics Analysis Seventh Edition. New York: Pearson.
Gujarati, D. N. & Porter, D. C. (2008). Basic Econometrics Fifth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. KEMENDIKBUD.(2020).Neraca Pendidikan Indonesia. https://npd.kemdikbud.go.id/?appid=anggaran&tahun=2019
Hidayat, M. H. (2014). Pendidikan dan Kesehatan dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi. https://www.academia.edu/16715231/Pendidikan_dan_Kesehatan_Dalam_Pembangunan_Ekonomi
Maozhong, L., & Hua, S. (2011). Education Inequality Analysis: International Comparison. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol.2 No.16, 89-93. http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_16_September_2011/10.pdf
Mesa, E. P. (2007). Measuring Education Inequality in The Philippines. The Philippine Review of Economics, Vol.XLIV No.2, 33-70. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227471603_Measuring_education_inequality_in_the_Philippines
Modouw, James. (2013), Pendidikan dan Peradaban Papua, Suatu Tinjauan Kritis Transformasi Sosial, Bajawa Press Yogyakarta.
Nisa Nur Sholekhatun & Smputra Palupi Lindiasari.(2020). Analisis Ketimpangan Pendidikan di Provinsi Papua Barat. http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JPED/article/view/16388
Rahayu, A. (2005). Ketimpangan Pendidikan di Indonesia. http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/esp/article/ download/2147/2074 .
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1818907?seq=1
Setyadi, S. (2022). Dampak Ketidaksetaraan Gender dan Variabel Ekonomi Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendidikan: Analisis Data Panel. Gorontalo Development Review, 5(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.32662/golder.v5i1.2021
Sukirno, S. (2004). Makro Ekonomi Teori Pengantar Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tirtarahardja, U. & La Sulo, S. L. (2005). Pengantar Pendidikan (Edisi Revisi). Jakarta: PT Asdi Mahasatya. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2011). Pembangunan Ekonomi Edisi kesebelas Jilid 1. . Jakarta: Erlangga.
Thomas, et al. (2000). Measuring Education Inequality: Gini Coefficients of Education. Policy Research Working Paper: No. 2525. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/19738
Zhang, H. (2014). The poverty trap of education: Education–poverty connections in Western China. International Journal of Educational Development https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738059314000431
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