Correction and Retraction

The Journal of Applied Business, Taxation and Economics Research (JABTER) is committed to maintaining the integrity of the academic track record. If errors or ethical violations are found in published articles, the journal management will take corrective action according to the severity of the article, with reference to international guidelines (Committee on Publication Ethics / COPE).

1. Errata and Corrigenda:

a. Corrigendum: If an error occurs on the author's part (e.g. an affiliate writing error, a minor error in the formula, or an incorrect numbering of the table) that does not change the main outcome or conclusion of the study, the journal will publish an official correction note in the next issue and link it to the original article.

b. Correction by Editors (Erratum): If an error occurs due to an error in the editing or production process by the journal team, the editor will immediately update the PDF file and publish an error note.

2. Article Retraction: Retraction notice is carried out if serious violations are found, including:

a. There is strong evidence that the findings or data in the article are proven to be false, fabricated, or manipulated.

b. Proven to have committed heavy plagiarism or double publication (dual submission).

c. Fatal violation of research ethics.

Withdrawal Procedure: The original article will remain in the online archive with a watermark or label that reads " RETRACTED", and an official statement of retraction (Retraction Notice) explaining the reason for the withdrawal will be published in order to be transparent to readers and the indexing institution.