Applying Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis to Profit Planning in The Indonesian Palm Oil Industry: A Case Study of PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk

Abstract

The increasing volatility of palm oil prices and rising production costs have encouraged plantation companies to strengthen their profit planning strategies. Cost–Volume–Profit (CVP) analysis is widely recognized as an effective managerial accounting tool for evaluating the relationship between costs, sales volume, and profitability, thereby supporting strategic decision-making. This study aims to analyze the application of Cost–Volume–Profit analysis in profit planning at PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk, Aek Tarum Belida Plantation Unit, by evaluating the Break-Even Point (BEP) and Margin of Safety (MOS) based on the company's 2024 Work Plan and Budget (RKAP). A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using primary operational and financial data obtained from the company's RKAP, production reports, and cost reports. The data were analyzed through contribution margin, break-even, margin of safety, and profit planning calculations to assess the consistency between financial planning and actual operating performance. The findings indicate that the company operated above its break-even point and maintained a relatively safe margin against sales fluctuations, although several production cost components exceeded the planned budget, reducing cost efficiency. These findings suggest that CVP analysis provides valuable information for evaluating cost structures, improving budgeting accuracy, and supporting managerial decisions related to pricing, production planning, and profit targets. The originality of this study lies in the application of CVP analysis using actual plantation operational data integrated with the company's RKAP as a practical approach to evaluating profit planning in Indonesia's palm oil plantation industry.